Language:

country
Association
Breeder n°
Password

Backto selection form

Breed planning for mating stations 2026

Breeding values of the selected mother queen

code of queen 2aInbreeding
Queen
Inbreeding
Worker
Honey
yield
Defensive
behavior
Calmness
during
inspection
Swarming
drive
Varroa-
index
TBVPerformance
ndex
hygienic
behaviour
Varroa
growth
Colony
strength
spring
development
over-
wintering
Chalk-
brood
CBPNosemosisSMRRecappingRecapping
infested cells
AT-99-359-476-20232.2%2.0%101 0.4295 0.3996 0.39101 0.40(95) 0.359798 0.42(96) 0.35(94) 0.3192 0.3190 0.3493 0.28103 0.15105 0.1396 0.04(103) 0.15(104) 0.15(107) 0.14

Breeding values and inbreeding coefficients of potential descendants

mating station codedetails of mating stationMate (4A)Breeding values
C ASSOC No. D Code Surname TM from to Breeding line C4A A4A B4A No4A Y4A Code Honey
yield
Defensive
behavior
Calmness
during
inspection
Swarming
drive
Varroa-
index
Total
breeding
value
Performance
ndex
hygienic
behaviour
Varroa
growth
Colony
strength
spring
development
over-
wintering
Chalk-
brood
CBP Nosemosis SMR Recapping Recapping
infested cells
INZW
Weighting in %
1515151540--
DE 1 1 Hornisgrinde 3 25.05. 20.07. AGT-Population DE 1 7 57 2023 103 100 99 106 101 102 102 103 99 87 94 95 98 103 98 98 101 105 1.9%
DE 1 2 AGT Toleranz Hoher Randen 3 16.05. 01.08. AGT Population DE 2 221 69 2023 102 104 102 106 104 105 104 103 105 100 98 94 101 101 96 103 97 97 2.3%
DE 1 3 Herrenwald 3 25.05. 20.07. AGT Population DE 2 221 70 2023 104 104 102 107 104 105 105 103 105 100 95 95 101 101 96 103 97 97 2.3%
DE 2 10 10 Oby. Unterwieser Wald 3 01.06. 15.08. AGT-Population; Z: Köpke DE 2 632 52 2024 106 108 109 107 109 110 109 109 108 102 103 111 103 102 95 103 101 103 3.2%
DE 2 11 11 Oby. Freisinger Moos 3 15.05. 31.07. AGT-Population; Z: Ott DE 2 227 167 2021 99 104 104 99 93 98 102 94 93 100 96 97 101 103 95 98 100 101 2.2%
DE 2 12 12 Oby. Pfaffenkopf 3 27.05. 01.08. AGT-Population, Z: Stoib DE 2 245 66 2023 104 95 97 104 103 101 100 103 103 99 93 98 101 105 99 101 100 105 1.2%
DE 2 13 13 Oby. An den 3 Wassern AGT-Toleranzbelegstelle 6 30.05. 01.08. AGT-Population; Z: FZ Mayen DE 11 1 1330 2022 106 94 97 110 105 104 102 107 102 96 90 105 102 107 98 109 106 109 3.1%
DE 2 15 15 Oby. Sonnwendjoch 3 01.06. 20.07. Z: Deller DE 2 254 117 2022 97 97 96 99 99 97 97 100 97 88 92 93 96 103 96 101 111 110 1.5%
DE 2 16 16 Oby. Raggert 3 01.06. 01.08. Z: Moser DE 2 363 207 2023 106 99 99 103 100 101 102 102 99 97 98 96 100 102 100 108 102 103 1.2%
DE 2 18 18 Oby. Sauschütt 3 16.05. 01.08. AGT-Population; Z: Schmidt DE 2 293 46 2022 99 100 102 103 101 101 101 103 99 95 93 94 100 108 98 101 103 104 2.4%
DE 2 19 19 Oby. Wendelstein 3 22.05. 31.07. AGT-Population; Z: Wintersperger DE 2 211 318 2023 108 106 107 108 104 108 109 104 103 104 102 103 101 103 99 97 98 102 2.2%
DE 2 21 21 Nby. Rachel- Diensthütte 3 13.05. 08.08. Z: Angela Tholen † DE 2 736 240 2022 104 100 102 105 100 102 103 101 100 94 92 97 102 107 95 99 102 104 2.9%
DE 2 22 22 Nby Bramandlberg 3 09.05. 25.07. AGT-Population; Z: Solleder DE 2 256 780 2023 101 103 103 106 98 101 104 100 97 92 92 96 100 104 99 99 101 105 2.6%
DE 2 23 23 Nby Königswald 3 29.04. 15.08. Ca.- Sklenar; Z: Andreas Levcenko DE 2 308 14 2022 104 100 98 103 94 98 101 93 95 98 95 97 101 103 100 107 99 98 1.5%
DE 2 24 24 Nby Schellenberg 3 09.05. 25.07. AGT-Population; Z: Ahrens DE 2 221 74 2023 101 103 101 104 103 103 103 102 104 99 96 94 101 101 96 103 97 97 2.3%
DE 2 33 33 Opf. Am Kühweiher 3 12.05. 10.07. AGT Population; Z: Thein DE 2 752 14 2023 104 105 104 106 100 104 106 100 100 103 98 97 101 103 97 97 97 101 1.7%
DE 2 41 41 Ofr. Michaelsgraben 3 16.05. 25.07. Z: Merz DE 2 737 11 2023 108 97 98 105 100 101 102 99 101 101 96 101 102 103 95 97 100 101 2.2%
DE 2 43 43 Ofr. Bodenwiese 3 12.05. 14.07. AGT-Population; Z: Schmidt DE 2 293 66 2023 108 109 109 112 104 109 111 105 103 105 100 96 100 104 98 96 105 106 2%
DE 2 44 44 Ofr. Hufeisen 3 22.05. 28.07. AGT-Population, Z: Kempter DE 2 298 45 2020 101 96 95 103 97 98 99 97 97 101 91 98 102 105 94 97 103 105 3.1%
DE 2 51 51 Mfr. Tiergarten 3 06.05. 31.07. AGT-Population, Z: LLA Triesdorf DE 2 128 69 2023 109 97 98 101 97 99 102 96 98 98 101 100 99 102 100 95 95 94 1.4%
C ASSOC No. D Code Surname TM from to Breeding line C4A A4A B4A No4A Y4A Code Honey
yield
Defensive
behavior
Calmness
during
inspection
Swarming
drive
Varroa-
index
Total
breeding
value
Performance
ndex
hygienic
behaviour
Varroa
growth
Colony
strength
spring
development
over-
wintering
Chalk-
brood
CBP Nosemosis SMR Recapping Recapping
infested cells
INZW
DE 2 61 61 Ufr. Spessart 3 19.05. 28.07. AGT-Population; Z: Ahrens DE 2 221 102 2022 105 108 107 106 109 109 108 108 109 103 94 95 102 103 98 105 93 95 2.4%
DE 2 62 62 Ufr. Gramschatzer Wald 3 20.05. 29.07. AGT-Population; Z: LLH Kirchhain DE 7 45 658 2023 105 105 104 104 103 105 106 104 103 100 96 97 99 100 96 106 103 101 2.9%
DE 2 63 63 Ufr. Haßberge AGT-Toleranzbelegstelle 6 12.05. 14.07. AGT-Population; Z: Bichlmeier DE 2 326 716 2023 106 104 107 110 107 109 108 109 105 100 99 100 102 102 96 107 102 103 3.2%
DE 2 71 71 Schw. Scheppacher Forst AGT-Toleranzbelegstelle 6 15.05. 24.07. AGT-Population, Z: Frey DE 2 294 100 2022 103 100 102 98 98 100 101 97 99 107 107 104 101 101 98 102 102 99 0.7%
DE 2 72 72 Schw. Gunzesried/Ostertal 3 30.05. 25.07. AGT-Population, Z: Fischer DE 2 703 77 2022 98 104 107 96 98 100 102 99 98 97 98 104 102 102 99 97 101 102 0.9%
DE 2 73 73 Schw. Giebelhaus 3 30.05. 25.07. Z: Witt DE 2 172 1 2022 103 103 104 104 97 101 104 97 97 98 102 98 102 107 96 98 97 102 2.5%
DE 2 74 74 Schw. Bleckenau 3 29.05. 17.07. Z: Moser DE 2 363 200 2023 105 99 98 104 99 101 102 100 98 99 96 96 100 102 100 108 102 103 1.2%
DE 2 75 75 Schw. Hochgrat AGT-Toleranzbelegstelle 6 23.05. 01.08. AGT-Population, Z: Wintersperger DE 2 211 318 2023 108 106 107 108 104 108 109 104 103 104 102 103 101 103 99 97 98 102 2.2%
DE 4 3 Waldhof 3 27.05. 01.08. C-4-3 Waldhof DE 4 279 1 2022 102 96 96 96 78 87 97 79 79 99 100 102 99 102 98 104 100 102 1.1%
DE 4 5 Hohenheide 3 20.05. 15.07. C-4-5 Hohenheide DE 4 311 707 2024 111 101 101 108 98 103 106 99 97 102 102 104 104 102 101 95 99 102 1.1%
DE 4 7 Lattbusch 3 22.05. 17.07. 4/7/Lattbusch DE 4 301 163 2023 111 113 115 114 107 113 116 108 104 112 106 97 100 102 101 109 99 101 0.4%
DE 4 8 Schorfheide-Wildfang 3 15.05. 15.08. 90/Varoatoleranz/LIB DE 4 306 51 2023 109 99 102 103 109 107 104 110 108 106 108 98 104 104 101 103 98 103 0.5%
DE 4 10 Rotkäppchen 3 01.06. 01.08. Varoatoleranz/Rotkäppchen/4-10 DE 4 307 124 2024 126 112 113 120 114 120 121 114 113 116 117 109 104 103 102 100 100 105 1%
DE 6 1 Spiekeroog 2 02.06. 02.08. Carnica Troiseck Hoffmann (21) DE 6 36 31 2023 107 103 103 111 101 105 107 101 100 95 97 96 101 102 94 105 100 103 3.4%
DE 6 2 Neuwerk 2 18.05. 11.08. Carnica DE 6 1 736 2023 103 93 94 98 97 96 96 96 99 98 98 98 103 102 98 100 101 103 1.5%
DE 6 12 Neuenhof 3 13.06. 16.08. C-T 1075 DE 6 198 42 2023 106 103 104 109 104 106 107 106 101 97 98 101 100 104 98 99 102 105 2.6%
DE 6 14 Gebirgsbelegstelle Torfhaus 3 25.05. 06.07. Carnica -Celle DE 6 1 2786 2022 103 90 91 95 92 92 94 91 93 93 99 93 100 104 98 99 103 105 2.3%
DE 8 1 2 Greifswalder Oie 6 02.06. 17.06. Carnica AGT DE 15 252 1 2023 106 98 98 104 101 101 102 102 99 94 96 100 103 98 99 102 100 100 1.1%
DE 8 3 Dornbusch 2 26.06. 23.07. Carnica DE 6 90 146 2023 103 98 97 108 102 102 102 104 101 99 100 95 103 102 97 105 101 104 2.3%
DE 11 3 Inselbelegstelle Borkum 2 09.05. 18.07. Carnica Sklenar 47/9/26 DE 11 3 60 2022 93 99 98 87 90 90 93 88 92 88 90 89 104 103 98 105 100 99 0%
C ASSOC No. D Code Surname TM from to Breeding line C4A A4A B4A No4A Y4A Code Honey
yield
Defensive
behavior
Calmness
during
inspection
Swarming
drive
Varroa-
index
Total
breeding
value
Performance
ndex
hygienic
behaviour
Varroa
growth
Colony
strength
spring
development
over-
wintering
Chalk-
brood
CBP Nosemosis SMR Recapping Recapping
infested cells
INZW
DE 11 11 Erbeskopf AGT-Toleranzbelegstelle 3 26.05. 21.07. AGT-Population DE 11 171 309 2023 110 97 99 107 103 104 104 104 102 93 92 97 102 105 97 101 97 97 2.2%
DE 13 9 Naturpark Erzgebirge-Vogtland 3 29.05. 10.07. Peschetz DE 2 227 355 2023 107 104 103 109 104 106 107 103 104 104 98 98 101 104 98 96 98 102 2.1%
DE 13 11 Blockstelle 3 09.06. 21.07. Peschetz DE 13 90 672 2022 107 101 106 108 99 104 107 98 100 103 100 102 102 97 100 102 99 97 1.3%
DE 14 1 Kaiserstein 3 30.05. 27.06. DE 6 36 31 2023 107 103 103 111 101 105 107 101 100 95 97 96 101 102 94 105 100 103 3.4%
DE 15 1 Amrum 2 09.06. 21.07. C-Kombi DE 15 69 8 2022 110 98 100 103 102 103 103 100 104 97 92 93 103 102 97 100 99 102 1.1%
DE 15 3 Hamburger Hallig 2 06.06. 11.07. Carnica Sklenar DE 16 337 232 2023 104 98 99 101 94 97 101 93 94 103 104 102 100 105 97 107 100 101 0.3%
DE 15 4 Helgoland 2 13.05. 31.07. C- Kombi BALKAN DE 15 233 12 2022 108 104 105 107 96 102 107 94 98 98 100 102 102 104 98 99 99 101 1.6%
DE 15 6 List auf Sylt 2 26.05. 20.07. C-Troiseck AT 99 193 62961 2023 105 100 99 102 105 104 102 107 104 96 95 99 101 100 97 104 94 99 3%
DE 15 9 Puan Klent / Sylt 2 26.05. 15.08. C- Varroatoleranz DE 6 90 167 2023 105 96 95 107 104 103 101 105 103 99 100 95 103 102 97 105 101 104 2.3%
DE 16 9 Oberhof 3 30.05. 01.08. DE 2 293 66 2023 108 109 109 112 104 109 111 105 103 105 100 96 100 104 98 96 105 106 2%
DE 16 11 Kieferle 3 06.06. 25.07. DE 16 310 147 2023 106 100 99 104 100 102 103 99 101 97 93 93 103 99 98 105 100 100 1.5%
DE 17 3 Wangerooge 2 24.05. 29.07. Carnica Selektionslinie LIB (90) DE 6 90 170 2023 105 97 96 108 104 103 102 105 102 99 100 95 103 102 97 105 101 104 2.3%
DE 17 4 Langeoog 2 31.05. 09.08. Carnica-03 (40) DE 17 208 49 2023 100 103 104 106 102 104 104 99 105 95 95 94 100 99 98 111 100 103 1.4%
DE 17 5 AGT Varroatoleranzbelegstelle Norderney (70) 2 24.05. 26.07. Carnica Varroatoleranz (SMR) DE 7 45 658 2023 105 105 104 104 103 105 106 104 103 100 96 97 99 100 96 106 103 101 2.9%
DE 17 6 Juist 2 25.05. 26.07. Carnica Sklenar 47/9/26 (13) DE 14 21 1317 2022 102 102 102 102 93 98 102 94 93 100 102 101 99 103 97 106 101 102 0.3%
DE 19 51 Eisbachtal 3 15.05. 21.07. Carnica AGT DE 19 346 803 2023 107 102 101 102 102 103 104 102 101 102 96 100 101 104 100 97 98 102 1.5%
DE 19 52 Hasental 3 15.05. 17.07. Carnica DE 2 266 231 2023 109 98 99 101 91 97 102 91 92 102 101 102 102 101 98 97 104 100 0.6%
DE 41 1 Sächsische Schweiz 6 31.05. 05.08. Carnica Kirchhain DE 7 45 662 2023 103 103 101 102 102 103 103 103 102 103 97 98 99 101 96 107 105 104 2.9%
AT 99 6 Löhnersbach 3 02.06. 30.07. IT 20 68 1013 2024 102 98 100 98 104 102 99 104 103 99 95 101 101 101 94 100 100 103 4%
AT 99 7 Blühnbachtal 3 31.05. 26.07. AT 99 400 745 2023 104 99 101 105 101 102 103 101 101 99 97 101 102 103 96 106 99 103 3.3%
C ASSOC No. D Code Surname TM from to Breeding line C4A A4A B4A No4A Y4A Code Honey
yield
Defensive
behavior
Calmness
during
inspection
Swarming
drive
Varroa-
index
Total
breeding
value
Performance
ndex
hygienic
behaviour
Varroa
growth
Colony
strength
spring
development
over-
wintering
Chalk-
brood
CBP Nosemosis SMR Recapping Recapping
infested cells
INZW
AT 99 8 Kristeinertal - Osttirol 3 02.06. 28.07. AT 99 662 21 2023 102 95 97 100 101 100 98 100 103 102 98 98 103 102 97 104 99 102 3.8%
AT 99 13 Pusterwald 3 29.05. 31.07. AT 99 120 87 2023 106 107 107 104 112 110 107 111 111 93 97 105 103 101 95 107 99 104 3.6%
AT 99 16 1 Dürradmer 3 15.05. 04.06. AT 99 364 106 2023 105 104 107 111 104 107 108 105 103 100 100 102 102 103 96 105 102 103 3.5%
AT 99 16 2 Dürradmer 3 09.06. 04.08. AT 99 364 908 2023 104 102 105 108 99 103 105 100 99 93 91 95 101 101 97 103 102 102 2.4%
AT 99 17 1 Gschöder 3 15.05. 04.06. AT 99 364 121 2022 104 102 104 111 102 105 106 103 101 95 92 94 100 101 96 104 106 106 2.7%
AT 99 17 2 Gschöder 3 09.06. 04.08. AT 99 364 705 2023 106 107 107 108 101 106 108 103 99 96 95 98 100 102 96 100 103 104 2%
AT 99 21 Abtenau Zinkenbach 3 29.05. 28.07. AT 99 99 1 2023 105 104 108 108 102 106 107 102 102 98 98 102 105 104 95 107 101 103 4.7%
AT 99 27 Geiselgrundalm 3 29.05. 28.07. AT 99 193 62459 2023 104 105 105 102 104 105 105 104 103 96 91 100 103 105 94 105 102 106 6.4%
AT 99 38 Johannsenruhe 3 14.06. 09.08. AT 99 377 92 2023 107 108 109 105 110 111 109 109 111 99 101 104 103 103 96 109 99 107 3.6%
AT 99 40 Kocnatal 3 30.05. 14.08. AT 99 193 63000 2023 108 99 98 101 98 100 102 100 97 97 90 92 101 105 96 106 103 107 5.8%
AT 99 41 Radlgraben 3 01.06. 31.07. AT 99 169 223 2023 102 99 101 100 99 100 101 100 98 99 98 101 104 104 96 101 98 103 3.7%
AT 99 44 Steinberg 3 28.05. 23.07. AT 99 888 331 2023 109 107 107 109 105 109 110 104 105 101 101 101 102 104 95 108 100 105 5%
AT 99 45 Gößgraben 3 15.05. 31.07. AT 99 377 501 2023 103 104 103 99 114 109 103 113 114 93 97 104 103 103 95 105 101 105 3.6%
AT 99 46 Mühldorfer Ochsenalm 3 31.05. 15.08. AT 99 117 4 2023 102 100 101 100 107 104 101 109 105 99 98 103 105 103 97 98 105 108 5%
AT 99 48 Pöllatal 3 28.05. 31.07. AT 99 663 132 2024 103 97 98 102 102 101 100 101 103 100 97 99 102 103 96 104 99 102 4.8%
AT 99 50 Valentinalm 3 31.05. 15.08. AT 99 120 84 2023 107 109 109 105 111 111 109 110 110 93 96 105 103 102 95 107 100 106 3.6%
AT 99 56 Tratten 3 14.05. 16.07. AT 99 117 38 2023 102 106 105 101 105 105 104 105 105 93 97 102 103 103 96 103 103 109 4.7%
AT 99 58 Mühlviertler Alm 3 21.05. 30.07. AT 99 377 23 2023 106 102 102 109 106 107 106 106 105 95 98 109 102 103 96 100 101 107 3.9%
AT 99 59 Scheiterboden 3 23.05. 15.08. AT 99 671 85 2023 114 108 109 110 108 112 112 108 108 105 104 103 102 104 96 104 101 106 3.7%
AT 99 98 Seetal 3 25.05. 27.07. AT 99 377 74 2023 108 106 106 104 109 109 107 109 109 99 101 108 103 103 96 104 99 106 4.1%
C ASSOC No. D Code Surname TM from to Breeding line C4A A4A B4A No4A Y4A Code Honey
yield
Defensive
behavior
Calmness
during
inspection
Swarming
drive
Varroa-
index
Total
breeding
value
Performance
ndex
hygienic
behaviour
Varroa
growth
Colony
strength
spring
development
over-
wintering
Chalk-
brood
CBP Nosemosis SMR Recapping Recapping
infested cells
INZW
CH 51 1 Bonatchiesse 3 13.06. 01.08. CRP/48 CH 52 707 40 2023 105 95 98 101 95 97 100 96 95 102 100 95 101 105 98 98 99 101 1%
CH 51 3 Petit-Mont 3 23.05. 26.07. B20F1/3 CH 51 45 1893 2023 94 90 88 97 92 90 91 93 92 92 91 89 101 102 98 101 100 101 0.4%
CH 51 5 Vermeilley 3 06.06. 01.08. KT02/23 CH 51 152 5652 2022 92 95 95 98 92 92 94 91 94 94 92 86 101 102 98 101 100 101 0.4%
CH 51 6 Moiry 3 13.06. 08.08. B20x30 / 11 CH 51 36 3427 2022 95 95 95 96 92 92 94 92 93 90 90 89 101 102 98 101 101 102 0.7%
CH 51 7 Toules 3 06.06. 01.08. CRP/48 CH 52 707 40 2023 105 95 98 101 95 97 100 96 95 102 100 95 101 105 98 98 99 101 1%
CH 51 8 Hongrin 3 30.05. 01.08. KL 14 / 50 CH 51 91 4677 2023 97 94 95 98 97 96 95 97 98 93 92 90 101 103 98 101 100 101 0.5%
CH 51 21 Mont-Dar 3 30.05. 25.07. S91 CH 51 78 9810 2023 97 89 89 98 92 91 92 92 93 95 95 95 102 102 98 101 100 101 0.5%
CH 51 22 SADE 3 16.05. 01.08. GB10 / 22 CH 51 206 903 2024 92 89 90 97 92 90 91 94 91 89 90 88 101 102 97 102 101 102 0.7%
CH 51 51 Grande-Enne 3 14.05. 06.06. 01P / 6 CH 51 10 4636 2023 100 91 90 96 93 92 93 92 94 91 98 95 101 103 98 100 101 102 0.7%
CH 52 5 Greina 3 13.06. 31.07. DE 19 186 21 2022 95 98 97 99 104 100 97 105 103 92 92 92 96 101 97 101 109 110 1.9%
CH 52 7 Justistal 3 26.05. 31.07. DE 1 45 172 2022 100 104 104 104 106 105 104 108 104 92 93 95 94 103 96 100 114 113 2.4%
CH 52 9 Hochgebirgsbelegstelle S-charl 3 13.06. 26.07. DE 16 337 224 2023 105 99 100 104 94 99 103 95 94 102 104 102 100 105 97 107 101 101 0.3%
CH 52 39 Nessleren 3 30.05. 29.07. CH 52 707 36 2022 103 97 99 104 93 97 101 93 92 103 98 93 102 104 97 99 99 102 1.6%
IT 4 1 Val Genova (TN) 3 06.06. 31.07. Kirchhain IT 20 106 84 2022 99 95 96 97 100 98 96 101 99 100 94 96 102 102 98 99 101 103 1.8%
IT 20 3 Pederü 3 27.05. 13.06. IT 20 108 9044 2023 111 102 102 108 107 108 107 107 108 101 102 109 103 104 98 98 101 103 2.7%
NL 55 2 Vlieland 2 06.06. 05.07. NL 55 55 41 2023 103 105 104 104 97 101 105 98 96 93 95 93 101 100 98 102 100 100 2.1%

Notice

The inbreeding coefficient refers to the workers of the planned colony. The inbreeding coefficient of the queen only depends on the mother colony and is 1.96 %.

Click on queen code shows pedigree, breeding values and inbreeding coefficients.

The total breeding values is calculated using the given weighting factors.

Only island and line mating stations with a registered 4a, subjected to breeding values estimation are displayed. For a full list of mating stations, see Allocation of mating stations.

The breeding record data is the responsibility of the state associations !

Use of genetic evaluation data for publications or commercial purposes is subject to permission by the Institute for Bee Research Hohen Neuendorf, Germany, Länderinstitut für Bienenkunde Hohen Neuendorf e.V.

The performance index is composed of the breeding value for honey yield, gentleness, calmness and swarming tendency in equal proportions.

For suggestions and comments use our contact form, please.

Legend

TM
Type of mating station
1 - Insemination station with fixed 4a
2 - Island mating station
3 - line mating station
4 - race mating station
6 - tolerance mating station
TBV
Total breeding value
INZW
Inbreeding coefficient of planned offspring